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Council of Florence

 The Council of Florence   The council was transferred to Florence on 10 January 1439 . There, in the session on 6 July 1439, the decree of union with the Greek church was approved. Subsequently decrees of union with the Armenian and Coptic churches were approved. Finally the council was transferred to Rome on 24 February 1443. What was the purpose of the Council of Florence in 1439? Council of Ferrara-Florence, ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic church (1438–45) in which  the Latin and Greek churches tried to reach agreement on their doctrinal differences and end the schism between them . What was the significance of the Council of Florence? One advantage, at least, resulted from the Council of Florence:  it proclaimed before both Latins and Greeks that the Roman pontiff was the foremost ecclesiastical authority in Christendom ; and Eugene IV was able to arrest the schism which had been threatening the Western Church anew (see COUNCIL OF BASLE). Who rejected the Council of Flore
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The greatest tragedy of the second millennium (1000 AD -2000 AD) was the fall of the Byzantine empire

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  The greatest tragedy of the second millennium (1000 AD -2000 AD) was the fall of the Byzantine empire (the richest and most powerful empire ever know). Just before the fall the   Byzantine  rulers and their clergy had agreed (at the council of Ravenna) to Reconcile with The Holy Church of Rome. The   Byzantines refused to honor their agreement and soon after their great empire was no more.  
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THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE-END OF AN EMPIRE

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The Final assault began after midnight, into the 29th of May 1453. Wave after wave the attackers charged. Battle cries rang out, the sound of drums, trumpets and fifes, filled the air. The bells of the city churches began ringing frantically. Orders, screams and the sound of trumpets shattered the night. First came the irregulars, an unreliable, multinational crowd of Christians and Moslems, who were attracted by the opportunity of enriching themselves by looting the great city, the last capital of the Roman Empire. They attacked throughout the line of fortifications and they were massacred by the tough professionals, who were fighting under the orders of Giustiniani. The battle lasted two hours and the irregulars withdrew in disorder, leaving behind an unknown number of dead and wounded. Next came the Anatolian troops of Ishak Pasha. They tried to storm the stockades and they fought tenaciously, even desperately trying to break through the compact ranks of the defenders.
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THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE -THE SIEGE

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Image = Aya_sofya, Hagia Sophia The Holy wisdom of God, Constantinople Following his accession to the Ottoman throne, Mehmed had been applying pressure on Constantinople and the Byzantines by building forts along the Dardanelles. On 5 April, he laid siege to Constantinople with an army numbering 80,000 to 200,000 men. The city was defended by an army of 7,000 of whom 2,000 were foreigners. According to Islamic tradition, before the beginning of hostilities, the Sultan demanded the surrender of the city, promising to spare the lives of its inhabitants and respect their property. In a proud and dignified reply the Emperor rejected Mehmed's demand and almost immediately the Ottoman guns began firing. The siege began with heavy Ottoman artillery firing at the city's walls while a smaller Ottoman force captured the rest of the Byzantine strongholds in the area. Ottoman attempts to blockade the city completely failed at first owing to the boom blocking the entrance to the
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THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE

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Image = Aya_sofya, Hagia Sophia The Holy wisdom of God, Constantinople Brief History Constantinople was the largest and richest urban center in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during the late Eastern Roman Empire, mostly as a result of its strategic position commanding the trade routes between the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea. It would remain the capital of the eastern, Greek speaking empire for over a thousand years and it was the richest and largest European city, exerting a powerful cultural pull and dominating economic life in the Mediterranean. Visitors and merchants were especially struck by the beautiful monasteries and churches of the city, particularly Hagia Sophia, or the Church of Holy Wisdom. It was especially important for preserving manuscripts of Greek and Latin authors throughout a period when instability and disorder caused their mass destruction in Western Europe and North Africa. The cumulative influence of the city on the west, over the many centuries of its
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MARTYRED WHILE SERVING MUSLIMS

St. John of Matha Feastday: December 17 John was born at Faucon, Provence, on June 23, 1160. He was educated at Aix, but on his return to Faucon, lived as a hermit for a time. He then went to Paris where he received his doctorate in theology, was ordained there in 1197, and then joined St. Felix of Valois in his hermitage at Cerfroid. He confided to Felix his idea of founding a religious order to ransom Christian prisoners from the Moslems, and late in 1197, the two went to Rome and received the approval of Pope Innocent III for the Order of the Most Holy Trinity (the Trinitarians), with John as superior, in 1198; they also secured the approval of King Philip Augustus of France. The Order flourished, spread to France, Spain, Italy, and England, sent many of its members to North Africa, and redeemed many captives. John died at Rome on December 17, and his cult was approved in 1655 and again in 1694. His feast day is December 17. Bl. Adrian Feastday: December 21 thirteenth centur
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The great Eastern Schism - The most powerful empire and nearly half of Christendom fell away

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Image = Aya_sofya, Hagia Sophia The Holy wisdom of God, Constantinople The great Eastern Schism must not be conceived as the result of only one definite quarrel. It is not true that after centuries of perfect peace, suddenly on account of one dispute, nearly half of Christendom fell away. Such an event would be unparalleled in history, at any rate, unless there were some great heresy, and in this quarrel there was no heresy at first, nor has there ever been a hopeless disagreement about the Faith. It is a case, perhaps the only prominent case, of a pure schism, of a breach of intercommunion caused by anger and bad feeling, not by a rival theology. It would be inconceivable then that hundreds of bishops should suddenly break away from union with their chief, if all had gone smoothly before. The great schism is rather the result of a very gradual process. Its remote causes must be sought centuries before there was any suspicion of their final effect. There was a series of temp
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